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Allegations of Anti-competitive Practices in Sub-Saharan Africa, by Type of Practice.
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| Type Anti-competitive Practice |
Entire Sample |
Entire Example Except South Africa |
South Africa |
1995-2001 |
2002-2004 |
Anti-competitive Practices in which Foreign Firms were Mentioned |
Anti-competitive Practices in which Foreign Firms were Accused |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
N |
% |
| Abuse of Dominant Position |
39 |
6.32% |
16 |
3.73% |
23 |
12.23% |
15 |
5.95% |
24 |
6.58% |
11 |
7.80% |
10 |
8.62% |
| Anti-competitive Merger |
33 |
5.35% |
13 |
3.03% |
20 |
10.64% |
19 |
7.54% |
14 |
3.84% |
10 |
7.09% |
8 |
6.90% |
| Barriers to Entry |
8 |
1.30% |
6 |
1.40% |
2 |
1.06% |
2 |
0.79% |
6 |
1.64% |
2 |
1.42% |
0 |
0.00% |
| Bundling |
1 |
0.16% |
0 |
0.00% |
1 |
0.53% |
0 |
0.00% |
1 |
0.27% |
0 |
0.00% |
0 |
0.00% |
| Collusion |
55 |
8.91% |
29 |
6.76% |
26 |
13.83% |
24 |
9.52% |
31 |
8.49% |
12 |
8.51% |
10 |
8.62% |
| Contractual Discrimination |
4 |
0.65% |
1 |
0.23% |
3 |
1.60% |
2 |
0.79% |
2 |
0.55% |
1 |
0.71% |
1 |
0.86% |
| Creation of a Monopoly |
3 |
0.49% |
2 |
0.47% |
1 |
0.53% |
2 |
0.79% |
1 |
0.27% |
2 |
1.42% |
2 |
1.72% |
| Cross-subsidiation |
3 |
0.49% |
1 |
0.23% |
2 |
1.06% |
1 |
0.40% |
2 |
0.55% |
0 |
0.00% |
0 |
0.00% |
| Denial of Infrastructure |
6 |
0.97% |
1 |
0.23% |
5 |
2.66% |
2 |
0.79% |
4 |
1.10% |
1 |
0.71% |
0 |
0.00% |
| Exclusive Arrangements |
23 |
3.73% |
9 |
2.10% |
14 |
7.45% |
13 |
5.16% |
10 |
2.74% |
6 |
4.26% |
6 |
5.17% |
| Hoarding |
4 |
0.65% |
4 |
0.93% |
0 |
0.00% |
0 |
0.00% |
4 |
1.10% |
1 |
0.71% |
1 |
0.86% |
| Horizontal Agreements, Cartels |
189 |
30.63% |
142 |
33.10% |
47 |
25.00% |
87 |
34.52% |
102 |
27.95% |
35 |
24.82% |
27 |
23.28% |
| Minimum Resale Price |
3 |
0.49% |
1 |
0.23% |
2 |
1.06% |
1 |
0.40% |
2 |
0.55% |
1 |
0.71% |
1 |
0.86% |
| Monopolistic Practices |
166 |
26.90% |
155 |
36.13% |
11 |
5.85% |
53 |
21.03% |
113 |
30.96% |
42 |
29.79% |
34 |
29.31% |
| Predatory Pricing |
27 |
4.38% |
17 |
3.96% |
10 |
5.32% |
9 |
3.57% |
18 |
4.93% |
10 |
7.09% |
9 |
7.76% |
| Tying |
3 |
0.49% |
1 |
0.23% |
2 |
1.06% |
1 |
0.40% |
2 |
0.55% |
1 |
0.71% |
1 |
0.86% |
| Vertical Agreements |
7 |
1.13% |
3 |
0.70% |
4 |
2.13% |
2 |
0.79% |
5 |
1.37% |
2 |
1.42% |
2 |
1.72% |
| Violation of Merger Control Regulations |
5 |
0.81% |
1 |
0.23% |
4 |
2.13% |
0 |
0.00% |
5 |
1.37% |
0 |
0.00% |
0 |
0.00% |
| Unspecified Practices |
38 |
6.16% |
27 |
6.29% |
11 |
5.85% |
19 |
7.54% |
19 |
5.21% |
4 |
2.84% |
4 |
3.45% |
| Total |
617 |
100.00% |
429 |
100.00% |
188 |
100.00% |
252 |
100.00% |
365 |
100.00% |
141 |
100.00% |
116 |
100.00% |
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Source: Evenett, Jenny, and Meier (2006)
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